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                Key Names,  capitalism, Dutch West India Company, insurance, profits, Wall Street
                Dates, and
                Terms

                Guiding           1. How did enslaved people contribute to the construction of northeastern
                Questions             cities like New York City?
                                  2. How did banks and other financial institutions profit from slavery, even
                                      after it was abolished in the North?

               8. “A Broken Health Care System” by Jeneen Interlandi (pages 44–45)


                Excerpt        “Federal health care policy was designed, both implicitly and explicitly, to
                               exclude black Americans. As a result, they faced an array of
                               inequities—including statistically shorter, sicker lives than their white
                               counterparts.”

                               “One hundred and fifty years after the freed people of the South first petitioned
                               the government for basic medical care, the United States remains the only
                               high-income country in the world where such care is not guaranteed to every
                               citizen. In the United States, racial health disparities have proved as
                               foundational as democracy itself.”

                Key Names,  Affordable Care Act (A.C.A.), Aid to Dependent Children Act, Fair Labor
                Dates, and     Standards Act of 1938, Freedmen’s Bureau, GI Bill, Jim Crow, New Deal,
                Terms          Pullman porters, Reconstruction, Social Security, Wagner Acts of 1935
                                                ​
                                               ​
                Guiding           1. How have healthcare policies, city planning, and other government
                Questions             systems in the U.S. limited who has access to healthcare services?
                                  2. According to the author, what factors help diseases to spread in a
                                      community?


               9. “Traffic”​ by Kevin M. Kruse (pages 48–49)
                           ​

                Excerpt        “The postwar programs for urban renewal, for instance, destroyed black
                               neighborhoods and displaced their residents with such regularity that
                               African-Americans came to believe, in James Baldwin’s memorable phrase,
                               that ‘urban renewal means Negro removal.’”




               These materials were created to support ​The 1619 Project​, published in ​The New York Times Magazine​ August
               2019. You can find this and more educational resources at ​www.pulitzercenter.org/1619
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